Fourth Generation Inclusive

Historical Documents of Genealogical Interest to Researchers of North Carolina's Free People of Color

Tag: Wayne County

The agent of white men in stealing negroes for sale.

Kidnapping. – At Wayne Superior Court last week, the Grand Jury found true bills, for stealing Slaves (with intent to convey away, and sell, and dispose of) against Bryan Sanders, Needham Stevens, John P. Williams, and Micajah Burnett (a free negro.) The Defendants removed their cause to Sampson County, except Burnett, who has escaped to the North, and will probably soon turn lecturer on Abolition, to our tender-hearted friends in that region. We hope his prospects of success and fame, may not be marred by the fact that he has for some months been the agent of white men, in stealing negroes for sale at the South – and has largely shared in the profits. He can doubtless talk very affectingly and feelingly on the horrors of the internal Slave trade, having been extensively engaged in it himself.  Raleigh Register.

Hillsborough Recorder, 18 October 1848.

Matthew Aldridge.

ImageMATTHEW ALDRIDGE was the son of Robert and Mary Eliza Balkcum Aldridge. He is buried in Elmwood cemetery, Goldsboro.

Photo taken by Lisa Y. Henderson, March 2013.

Let Pig stay.

At the heart of Wayne County Superior Court proceedings stemming from the suit in J.F. Coley v. Tom Artis (1908) was a dispute over 30 acres of land.  Thomas “Tom Pig” Artis began renting the property in 1881 from W.J. Exum.  In 1892, Exum’s widow Mary sold it to Napoleon “Pole” Hagans.  In 1896, after Napoleon’s death, the land passed to his sons Henry and William S. Hagans, and in 1899 Henry sold his interest to his brother.  In 1908, William S. Hagans sold the 30 acres to J.F. Coley.  Coley filed suit when Tom Artis laid claim to it, arguing that Napoleon had sold it to him.  Tom claimed that the 800 lbs. of cotton he tendered to Napoleon Hagans (and later, his son William) was interest on a mortgage, but William Hagans and other witnesses maintained that the payment was rent. (Tom also testified that he rented the “Adam Artis place.”) William testified that his father was in feeble health in 1896 when he called him and his brother Henry together “under the cart shelter” to tell them he would not live long and did not know to whom the land would fall.  William testified that Pole asked them to let “Pig” stay on as long as he paid rent, and they promised to do so.  Tom Franks testified that “Pole was a first-rate business man.” Jonah Williams, Adam Artis’ brother, testified that he borrowed money from Napoleon to open a brickyard in the spring of 1893 and had preached his funeral.  He also noted that “Tom married my sister [Loumiza Artis].  He is not a member of my church.  I turned him out.  He is a Primitive Baptist.  I preached Napoleon Hagans’ funeral.”)  Jesse Artis, another of Adam Artis’ brothers, testified that he had worked on Napoleon’s property as a carpenter for 18 years and noted, “I don’t know that Tom and I are any kin, just by marriage.”   John Rountree testified that he was a tenant renting on thirds.  Simon Exum, Delilah Artis‘ husband, testified: “I am no kin to Tom [Artis] as far as I know, except by Adam.  His first wife was my wife’s sister.”  H.S. Reid testified that he was Tom Artis’ son-in-law.  The court found for Coley and against Artis.

[Sidenote: The Artises, Haganses and Reids were neighbors in the Eureka area of Wayne County for generations. Tom Artis’ mother Celia Artis and Henry S. Reid’s grandmother Rhoda Reid were the wealthiest free women of color in the county. Adam Artis married Napoleon Hagans’ half-sister Frances Seaberry. Adam’s sister Loumiza married Tom Artis. Henry S. Reid, son of Washington and Penninah Reid, married Tom Artis’ daughter. Henry’s first cousin Henry Reid, son of John and Mozana Hall Reid, married Adam Artis’ daughter Georgianna Artis. Adam Artis’ son William Marshall Artis and grandson Leslie Artis married Tom Artis’ neices, Etta and Minnie Diggs. And on and on. — LYH]

Details notwithstanding, it is generally believed that he is a slave.

WAS committed to Wayne County Jail, on the 31st Oct. last, a negro man who calls his name Billy Holmes, and says he is free. He is about 6 feet high, dark complexion, good teeth, and weighs about 170 lbs., his age is about 24 years. He further says that he was bound to Judge Sanders at 10 years of age, and remained with him until he was 21; after which he went to Wilmington and had a fight with one Charles Hamburg, a white man, for which he was imprisoned; that Mr. John Cowan paid the cost, that he agreed to work with Mr. Cowan until he was paid, and from whom he eventually hired his time; he then worked on the Light Boat two months; then as Fireman on the Petersburg Railroad two months; and thence came to Goldsboro’, where, after committing several acts of Larceny, he was committed to Jail. It is generally believed that he is a runaway slave. The owner is requested to come forward, prove property, pay charges, and take him away, or he will be dealt with as the law directs.

Said Billy says his mother’s name is Amy Hays, and his father is Billy Holmes (the Barber) – born and raised in Wake county.   OLLIN COOR, Sheriff.

Goldsboro’, Nov. 29, 1853.

New Era, Goldsboro, 15 March 1854.

Wayne County Apprentices, 1841-1842.

Jacob S. Read, 6, was bound to David Barden in 1841.

In the 1850 census of North Side of Neuse, Wayne County: Tabitha Read, 38, with children Jacob, 16, Nancy, 14, Rachell, 11, David, 5, and Margarett, 3.

John Hagans, 4, was bound to Elias Barnes in 1841.

John G. Hall, 8, was bound to James Hall in 1841.

Mary Jones, 4, was bound to William Sauls in 1841.

Hillary Jones, 7, was bound to Bardin Jones in 1841.

Briley Lane, 16, was bound to Jesse Lane in 1841.

John Artis, 19, was bound to Sarah Davis in 1841.

Mancy Seaberry, 8, was bound to William T. Williams in 1841.

In the 1860 census of Saulston, Wayne County: Manse Seberry, 27, cook, with sons James, 2, and Joseph, 9 months, in the household of David Barden, farmer. [Next door, the household of Th.o Seaberry, 50, farmer.]

Jim Carroll was bound to William C. Bryan in 1842.

In the 1850 census of North Side of Neuse, Wayne County: James Carroll, 20, farmhand, is listed in the household of Wm. C. Bryan, 38, clerk of Superior Court.

Jim Carroll, Willie Carroll and Henry Carroll were bound to Samuel Smith in 1842.

Andrew Mitchell, 3, and Jacob Mitchell, [no age listed], were bound to Absalom Sauls in 1842.

Betsey Morris, 9, was bound to Thomas Horn in 1842.

In the 1850 census of North Side of Neuse, Wayne County: Elizabeth Morris, 17, is listed in the household of Thomas Horn, farmer.

Nancy Lucas was bound to William Thomson in 1842.

John Hagans, 5 months, was bound to Lemuel Edmundson in 1842.

In the 1850 census of North Side of Neuse, Wayne County: John Hagins, 8, is listed in the household of Lemon Edmonson, farmer. In the 1860 census of Davis, Wayne County: John Hagans, 18, in the household of Leml. Edmundson.

Henderson Gandy, 15, was bound to Rob Williams in 1842.

Rigdon Wise, 17, and Marenda Wise, 13, were bound to Asher Pipkin in 1842.

In the 1850 census of South Side of Neuse, Wayne County:  Marenda Wise, 50, with Sally, 20, Rigdon, 26, and Zilpha Wise, 5 months. Sally and Zilpha were described as mulatto; the others, white. Next door: Betsey Wise, 28, with Sarah, 4, Dury, 10 months, and Rebecca Wise, 65; all white.  In the 1860 census of Cross Roads, Wayne County: Sally Wise, 45, with Elizabeth, 28, Sarah, 15, Dary, 9, Marenda, 27, Zilpha, 8, and Edmund Wise, 3; all white. [It appears that Sally and Marenda’s names are reversed in the 1850 census.] In the 1870 census of Grantham, Wayne County: Sallie Wise, 60, Renda, 38, Zilpha, 20, Edmond, 15, and Monroe Wise, 6; with Ann Brown, 75, and Susan Lewis, 45. Renda’s color was initially described as M, then a W was superimposed.

Apprentice Records, Wayne County Records, North Carolina State Archives; federal censuses.

William Burnett’s estate.

William Burnett died 2 May 1881.  His estate was opened in May 1881 by administrator A.K. Smedes and, at final account, was valued at $1049.84.  Items removed from the rooms Burnett kept over J.N. Edwards’ store in Goldsboro included a barber chair and rest, a barber pole, four spittoons, two looking glasses, a pistol, and various items of furniture.  He also had two lots on Pine Street.  The estate file contains considerable information about Burnett’s family, which sued Smedes over his handling of the estate.  Burnett died without a widow, children or grandchildren.  Heirs were his sisters Mary Nixon, Betsy Burk, Elizabeth Burnett and Eliza Burden; nieces Delitha Burnett and Melitha Arnold, Amy Anne Stevens and Mary J. Dortch; and Susan Burnett. (Her relationship to William is not specified, and ultimately she did not receive a share of the estate.)  Brothers-in-law mentioned in the documents were George A. Burden, Solomon Hill, Geo. Arnold, and Whitt Dortch.  Also mentioned, William’s mother Elizabeth Burnett.

Estate Records, Wayne County Records, North Carolina State Archives.

Tools and poultry.

State of North Carolina, Wayne County    }   I, Zilphy Wilson, of the County and State, aforesaid begin of sound mind and memory, but considering the uncertainty of my earthly existence to make and declare this my last Will and Testament in manner and form following, that is to say: — That my Executor hereinafter named shall provide for my body a decent burial, suitable to the wishes of my relations and friends, and pay all funeral expenses together with my just debts out of the first money that may come into his hands as a part or parcel of my estate.

Item 1. I give and bequeath to my daughter Bettie Reid 7 acres of land to be cut off the North East corner of the tract of land on which I now reside for and during her natural life, and after her death to be equally divided between all of her children that she may have now, or may have living at the time of her death, the said Bettie Reid not to have possession of said Land until the debts against my estate are paid.

Item 2. I give devise and bequeath to my son Adam Wilson and my daughter Vicey Wilson, share and share alike all of the tract of Land on which I now live, with the exception of the seven acres given away in Item first of this will, with all the priviledges and appertances thereunto belonging for and during their natural like, should they both have heirs, then they to have their mother & Father part, and should Adam or Vicey only one of them leave heirs, then and in that case I give said land to the surviving hairs of that one to them and their heirs in the fee simple forever.

Item 3. I give and devise unto my son Adam Wilson and Vicy Wilson, share and share alike, all of my Household and Kichen furniture of every description Farming implements of every description, Tools of Mechanics &c &c, Stocks of all kinds, and all the poultry of kind to them and their heirs in fee simple forever.

Item 4. It is my will and I so direct, that my son Adam Wilson to retain possession of the whole of my land at yearly rental of seven hundred lbs. of lint cotton which is to be applied to the payment of the debts against my estate, as soon as said debts are paid, I direct that Bettie Reid be put in possession of the seven acres of land given to her in a former Item of this Will. I also desire that my daughter Bettie Reed become an equal heir in my household and kitchen furniture with my son Adam and daughter Vicey.   Changes made in Zilphia Wilson’s Will Oct[?] 4, 1893

Item 5. I give and devise unto William and Jonah Wilson children of William Wilson Sixty dollars to be paid to them when they arrive at lawful age.

Item 6. I give and devise unto Johney, Lominary, Levy, Laronzo Locus, Children Louisa Locus Sixty dollars to be paid to them as they arrive at lawful age.

Item 7. It is my will and so direct that the Legacies mentioned in Items 5 & 6 of this Will be assessed by my son Adam and my Daughter Vicy Wilson, and I direct that they pay to each one of the above mentioned heirs, as they arrive of lawful age their proportionable part of said Legacies with interest on the same from the time the debts of the estate are settled.

Lastly, I hereby constitute and appoint my brother Jonah Williams and my son Adam Wilson Executors to this my last Will and Testament, hereby revoking all the Wills heretofore made by me.    Zilphy X Wilson

Signed and sealed in the presence of Fred I. Becton and Thomas Artis, who witnessed the same at her request.  /s/ Richard H. Battle, Fred I. Becton

[Proved 17 December 1902.] Will Book 2, page 421. Register of Deeds Office, Wayne County Courthouse, Goldsboro.

In the 1850 census of Bull Head, Greene County: Vicy Artess with children Zilpha, Louis, Jonah, Jethro, and Richard Artis.  Next door, Vicey’s children Adam, Charity and Jane  Artess in the household of Silas Bryant.  

In the 1860 census of Davis, Wayne County: carpenter Jack Wilson, wife Zilpha, and two unnamed “infants.”  Jack reported $500 personal property, $300 real property, and the family lived very near Zilpha’s mother, Vicey Artis. 

He desires to change.

To the Honorable the Senate & House of Representatives of the State of North Carolina, Greeting

The petition of your servant, who is a free man of color, humbly shews that he is desirous of changing his status and of selling himself to Mr. D. H. Bridgers, so as to reduce himself to a state of slavery and that he may have the protection and support of a master, would humbly pray your honorable body that you would pass some law that would enable him to give legal effect and force to his desire, And your Petitioner will always pray &c    Abisha X Locus

State of North Carolina, Wayne County    } I Jno. R. Hood an acting Justice of the Pace for Wayne County hereby certify that Abisha Locus, a free man of color and a resident of Wayne County voluntarily came before me and signed the above petition of his own free will & accord. Given under my hand and seal this 31st day of August. /s/ John R. Hood

General Assembly Session Records, August-September 1861, box 1, North Carolina State Archives.

In the 1860 census in Cross Roads, Wayne County: B. Locas, 50, distiller, Jonas Capps, 18, and Tilissa Capps, 16, in the household of Henderson Bridgers, 33. No occupation is listed for Bridgers, but he claimed $12,000 in real property and $12,250 in personal property.

Frances Artis Diggs.

ImageFRANCES ARTIS DIGGS was born about 1842 near present-day Eureka, Wayne County, to Eliza Artis and James Yelverton, a white man. She is buried in a small family plot on Watery Branch Road just south of Highway 222 in Wayne County.

Photo by Lisa Y. Henderson, May 2013.

Set off and divide.

State of North Carolina, Wayne County   }  In obedience to an order of Court to me Olin Coor Sheriff directed, Issued from Aug Term 1863. I have proceeded to Summon the following man as commissioners to Set-off and divide the land Deeded to Rody Reed and Isaac Reed by Jno. Hollowell as by reference to said and will more fully show. Viz – Said Rody Reed is to have one fourth of said land and Isaac Reed three fourths which division is in manner and form following to witt viz. –

Beginning for J.P. Rogers (who has become the purchaser of the interest of Said land belonging to Isaac Reed) at a stake on the main run of Aycocks Swamp H.B. Ballance corner and runs N 5 W 272 poles to two small pines Thomas F. Davis & H.B. Ballance’s corner then N 33 E 24 poles to a hickory Said Davis corner then with his line So 70 E 157 ¾ Poles to a Stake then with his line N 55 E 27 poles Stake then South 40 E a strate line to a Stake on the run of Aycocks Swamp then up the various courses of Said run as it meanders to the beginning containing one hundred and ninty five acres Also one other tract adjoining the lands of Said Ballance & others beginning at a maple in a small branch then up said branch 30 poles to a black Gum the dividing corner between Said Rogers and Rody Read then down the run of Said branch to a white Oak then N 86 E 72 poles to the beginning continuing twenty and one fourth acres.

Beginning for Rody Reed at a Stake on the run of Aycocks Swamp the corner of said J.P. Rogers and runs with his line N 40 W 59 poles to a State said Rogers corner in Thomas F. Davis’ line then N 55 E 18 poles to a Sassafras then N 27 ½ W 60 poles to a maple on the run of Newsums Branch then down the run of said Branch as it meanders to the run of Aycocks Swamp then up the run of said Swamp as it meanders to the beginning, containing Seventy two acres Also another tract adjoining the Lands of said Davis and others. Beginning at a black Gum said Rogers’s corner then with his line S 82 W 33 poles to a small sweet Gum in a small branch then up said to a pine said Davis’s corner then N 82 E 21 poles to a Small black Gum at the head of a Small drain then down the same as it meanders to the beginning, containing five and one fourth acres.

Al of which is respectfully submitted under our hands and Seals this the 24th day of Aug 1863  /s/ Henry Martin, W.P. Peacock, H.B. Ballance, L.J. Sauls

Witness O. Coor Sheriff

Recording Docket Book 14, page 9. Office of Clerk of Superior Court, Wayne County Courthouse, Goldsboro.