Fourth Generation Inclusive

Historical Documents of Genealogical Interest to Researchers of North Carolina's Free People of Color

Jail break, no. 5.

Broke Jail. – We learn that Jesse Holley, the yellow fellow convicted at our last Superior Court, of murder and arson, and sentenced to be hung, but in whose case an appeal was taken to the Supreme Court, broke out of the jail of this town last night, and made his escape.  Holley is a most villainous-looking fellow, about 35 years of age, some five feet eight inches high, and rather stout built.  He is rather a light mulatto, with a kind of reddish or sandy hair, as if burned, and a muddy, freckled face.

We believe that a white man, awaiting trial on some charge of felony, made his escape at the same time.  We have not learned any of the particulars. Wilmington Journal.

Fayetteville Observer, 3 June 1852.

Surnames: Davidson County, 1850.

ALLEN, BAKER, BASS, BROWN, BURNET, CAIN/CANE/KANE, CAMPLIN, CANADY, CECIL, CLARK, CLODFELTER, COTTON, COZZENS, FERGUSON, FREEMAN, GOSS, GOSSET, HARRELL, HARRIS, HENDLEY, HINES, HINKLE, HOLLAND, HORN, INGHAM, KENNEDAY, KEPLEY, LANE, LOCKLEAR, MARTIN, MAYZEKE, McSINK, MEDLIN, MICHAEL, MILLER, MITCHEL, MOCK, MONTGOMERY, MURRELL, NELSON, OLIVER, PORTER, POTTER, POTTS, PRUIT, REDD, SEARS, SINK, SPIKES, SPURGIN, STEWARD, TRUEBLOOD, VALENTINE, WALLIS, WEAVER, WENT, WEST, WILSON and WINDUS.

We promise to pay.

On demand the first day of January 1848 we or Either of us do promise to pay John Lewis the Admr for ayres of urban Lewis decd it being for the sum of thirty dollars and fifty cents it for Rent of the land belonging to M. Husted lying on the East side of the Railroad joining James Kelly this January 29th 1847 test Obed Brock             Gray X Winn, Levi Winn, Adam X Greenfield

Estate Records, Wayne County Records, North Carolina State Archives.

[Side note: Urban Lewis (1788-1846) was my great-great-great-great-great-grandfather. — LYH]

The governor’s tricks.

A BAD INVESTMENT.  – Quite a stir appears to have been made in Harnett county by the receipt at the Post Office at Barclayville of two packages of “N.C. Standard Extra, Raleigh, N.C., July 12, 1864,” each containing five copies thereof, each copy containing an address to Mr. Holden’s “Fellow-Citizens,” and 40 Tickets for W.W. Holden for Governor.  The packages were addressed, in the fair hand writing of some one about the Standard Office, to “John Deane, Barclayville, N.C.” and “David Tucker, Barclayville, N.C.,” both free mulattoes, and one of them a minor at that!  On the packages the postage was paid.  So that Mr. Holden is minus 10 Circulars, 400 Holden Tickets, and 10 cents in cash.  Rather an unprofitable investment! We have received two letters from gentlemen at Barclayville, enclosing the covers of packages and copies of the Extra. One of these letters says that Mr. Holden will have to come and read his Extra to his “colored brethren,” as they cannot read.  But he don’t think the accommodations in that section would be very agreeable to Mr. Holden.  – Fayetteville Observer.

The above is from the Observer of Thursday evening last, received here on Friday morning.  In our paper dated Wednesday, but printed and started to Fayetteville on Tuesday, we exposed this hoax, and the Editors of the Observer must have seen our exposure of it before their paper of Thursday went to press.  Yet they make no allusion to the exposure, but attempt to produce the impression that we are engaged in a correspondence with free negroes.

A week or so since we received a letter from Barclayville containing $8.65, as subscription for four persons to the Standard.  They professed to be warm friends of ours.  We supposed, of course, that the letter was from white persons and genuine in its character, and accordingly sent them the Standard with some tickets. We soon learned, however, that the names of the four persons sent were those of free negroes, and that we had been imposed upon by some mean white person or persons. Fortunately we had preserved the letter. – We have placed it in the hands of a friend, and if the author of it can be traced and discovered by the handwriting, we intend to hold him up in his true colors to our readers.

A friend writing us from Averasborough under date of July 20th, says:

“I wish to inform you of some of the tricks of the friends of Gov. Vance in this quarter.  I am informed there was a gathering on last Friday at J.A. Johnson’s, and that John Green, Esq., went there from Barclayville with two bundles, one marked to Dave Tucker, a free negro, containing one of your Standards and some tickets for you, and the other was marked to John Dean, another free boy.  I also learned that the reception of these bundles was to be magnified, and sent to the Observer for publication.  I have my own opinions as to this matter.  One J.A.J., who says you are Lincolnite, went on to Peterburg a few days before these bundles were received, and it is believed he caused them to be sent.”

So it seems the Editors of the Observer are parties to this free negro trick! They are welcome to all they may gain by the achievement.  We have heretofore entertained high respect for the Senior Editor as a gentleman, but we find now that he is as depraved and unscrupulous as the meanest Destructive in the State.  There is neither wit, nor humor, nor decency in this trick perpetrated by Mr. Hale and his friends.  A high tones, honorable gentleman would have scorned any allusion to such practiced on a brother Editor, save to condemn it as low and unworthy in its character. – But adversity is the test of character.  Defeat, loss of influence, and the prospect that the election of the peace candidate for Governor will shorten the war, and thus stop the enormous profits Mr. Hale is realizing by his manufacturing establishments, are staring him in the face, and like Gov. Vance, he is resorting to every desperate expedient, even using the names of free negroes to injure and defeat us.  Repeating the language of the poor cowards who wrote him from Barclayville, he says if we should go to that place the “accommodations in that section” would not be “very agreeable” to us. First, we are tricked, as say one could have been, by a set of unprincipled Destructives, and then we are threatened that if we should happen to visit the neighborhood of these people, we would be insulted and mobbed. This is the not the first time the Observer has justified mob law against us.  It did so in September last, soon after we were mobbed by the Georgia troops; and our estimate of the hearts of the Editors of that paper now is, that they would be pleased to hear to-morrow that our office had been laid in ashes by a band of desperadoes, and our life placed in peril, if not taken.  This is our estimate of the Editors of that journal.  We now leave them in the company they have deliberately chosen, with the remark that the odor which surrounds them as the result of their connection with this free negro hoax, is not more offensive to them than their conduct in this business will be to every decent person who may become fully acquainted with it.

We congratulate Gov. Vance on the character of the friends he has in Harnett.  They are worthy of him, and he is worthy of them.  Two years ago they called him a Lincolnite and a traitor, but now they love him so well that they even use the free negro to promote his election.  James A. Johnson, C.H. Cofield, and Z.B. Vance! You are welcome to them, Governor.  We should think we had committed some great crime if they were to vote for us.

Weekly Standard, Raleigh, 27 July 1864.

Wearing & carrying & keeping a shotgun.

State of North Carolina, Warren County    } Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions November Term 1857.  The Jurors for the State on their oath presents that Albert Carr a free man of Color late of the County of Warren, at and in the said County on the first day of April in the year 1857 and did on other times & days between that day & the taking this inquisition, with force & arms, did wear & carry about his person a shot gun – not having obtained a license therefor from the Court of Pleas & Quarter Sessions for the County of Warren within one year preceding the wearing & carrying & keeping thereof – against the form of the Statute in such case made & provided and against the peace & dignity of the State.    Renfrow

A severe punishment.

 

A free boy of color, named Ned Carroll, was convicted at superior court for Johnson [sic] county, in this state, two weeks since, of an attempt to commit a rape on a white girl; and sentenced to be hung on the 25th inst.  A severe punishment, but a just one.

Western Carolinian, 8 April 1828.

Punch goes home.

State of Tennessee Maury County        } To all to whom it concerns, know ye that my Negro Man Punch, from his faithfull services and careful disposition is deserving of some favor for his former Services, and having an inclination to return to Onslow County No Carolina from where I brought him, have by these presence permited him to return to that place and spend the remnant of his days as a free man, and all and every person or persons has liberty to contract with him as such.  Given under my hand this 23rd March 1811.   A. Johnston

[On reverse] Onslow County   In Court of July Term 1811 This instrument of writing was proved by Lem’l Dotys proving the hand writing of Amos Johnston. Ordered to be registered Attest Nath’l Loomis

Slave Records, Onslow County Records, North Carolina State Archives.  US Population Schedule.

Craven County Apprentices, 1800-1801.

On 10 March 1800, Samuel Willis, a free Negro aged 19 years, son of Dorcas Moore, was bound to Francis Lowthrop, Esq., as a mariner.

On 9 June 1800, Jean Louis Baptiste Harman, a free mulatto orphan aged 14 years, was bound to Thomas Marshall as a Merchant.

On 8 September 1800, David Moore, a free Negro boy aged 11 years, was bound to Ebenezer Slade as a cooper.

On 8 December 1800, David Moore, a free Negro boy aged 10 years, was bound to John Moore as a cooper.

On 10 March 1801, Jerry Powers, a Negro boy aged 18 years last December, was bound to Thomas Oliver, of New Bern, as a baker.

On 8 June 1801, Polly Hagle, a free mulatto girl aged 13 years in March last, was bound to Elizabeth Bartlett of New Bern as a spinster.

On 17 September 1801, Sally Henry, a free Negro girl aged 7 years, was bound to Richard Forbes, of New Bern, as a spinster.

On 17 September 1801, Rhoda Dove, a free person of color aged 13 years, was bound to William Dudley as a spinster.

On 17 September 1801, Ferebe Lewis, a free Negro girl aged [blank], was bound to Richard Forbes of New Bern, as a spinster.

On 14 December 1801, Ricor Carter, a free person of color aged 7 years, was bound to Abel Carter as a cooper, and Mary Carter, a free person of color aged 9 years, bound to Abel Carter as a spinster.

On 14 December 1801, Nancy Carter, a free person of color aged 8 years, was bound to Benjamin Mitchell as a spinster.

On 14 December 1801, John Carter, Leonard Carter and William Carter, free persons of color aged 7, 7 and 15 years, were bound to Isaac Perkins as a cooper. William Godett, a free person of color aged 12 years, was also bound that day to Isaac Perkins as a cooper.

On 14 December 1801, William Parker, orphan aged about 14 years, was bound to Jacob Cook, mariner of New Bern, as a mariner.

On 14 December 1801, Stephen Dove, free person of color aged 12 years, was bound to Frederick Jones as a cooper.

On 15 December 1801, Ezekiel Chance, “a certain person of colour” aged 4 years, was bound to John Jones, Esq., of New Bern, as a cooper.  On the same day, Proseply Chance, aged 6 years, and Betsy Chance, aged 2 years, were bound to John Jones, Esq., of New Bern, as spinsters.

On 15 December 1801, Hannah Carter, a free person of color aged 10 years, was bound to Abel Moore as a spinster.

On 15 December 1801, Nelly Lindsay, a free person of color aged 2 years, was bound to Thomas Lovick as a spinster.

On 16 December 1801, John Dove, a free person of color aged 12 years, was bound to William Jones as a cooper.

On 18 December 1801, James Lewis, a free person of color aged 11 years, was bound to Henry Butler, mariner of New Bern, as a mariner.

Bad company.

Highway Robbery. – On Saturday morning last, Mr. Richard H. Blount, merchant of Kinston, Lenoir county, started from home for Newbern, with 4,860 in his possession in Bank bills, with the intention of procuring Northern funds.  About 1 o’clock of the day, when passing through a lonely place called Dover Swamp, 15 or 16 miles from Newbern, four men, three whites and a mulatto, rushed out of a thicket by the roadside, seized Mr. Blount, hauled him from the buggy in which he was riding, beat him until he was senseless, and then robbed him of all his money.  Mr. B. remained in an insensible condition for an hour or two, when a negro travelling the road discovered him.  He was taken back to Kinston, and so soon as the fact of the robbery became known, a large number of the citizens of that place started out in various directions in pursuit of the villains. – Wilmington Chronicle of 13th inst.

Carolina Watchman, 21 Sep 1848.

Justly entitled to the privileges of a free citizen.

To the Worshipfull the Justices of the County Court of Duplin – The petition of William Duncan begs leave humbly to Represent to your Worships that he is in possession of a Mulatto Slave called Adam who has for a number of years past conducted and demeaned himself as a faithfull, honest, and well deserving Servant. Your petitioner conceives the said Negro Slave Adam from his meritorious Services & good conduct is justly entitled to the privileges of a free Citizen, he therefore prays your Worships will extend to him the Advantages which the Laws of the Country extend to him & as in duty bound will ever pray   B.H. Martin pro petitioner

Petition of Adam a Negro Slave Concurred and Adam Liberated April Term 1798.

This is possibly the Adam Greenfield listed in the 1800 census of Duplin County as the head of a household consisting of two “other free” persons.  In the 1820 census of Wayne County, Adam Greenfield headed a household consisting of two males under age 14, one male aged 14-26, and one male aged 45 or more, 2 females aged 14-26, and one female aged 45 or more.

Petition, Miscellaneous Records, Duplin County Records, North Carolina State Archives.  US Population Schedule.